전과정 온실가스 배출량 산정 방법을 고려한 수소연료전지 주택의 온실가스 감축 효과 분석

초록

This study proposes a method for estimating life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a hydrogen fuel cell house using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) framework. Subsequently, a case analysis based on the proposed method was conducted to assess the GHG reduction potential of a hydrogen fuel cell house. To establish the life cycle GHG estimation method, international and domestic LCA-related standards, guidelines, and prior studies were reviewed. The method was evaluated in three sequential components: system boundary definition, data collection, and GHG calculation. The system boundary was established following the modular approach outlined in EN 15804. Data collection was based on case studies from domestic and international research as well as BOM (Bill of Materials) from hydrogen fuel cell house demonstration sites. The GHG calculation involved the formulation of estimation equations for individual items and the identification of applicable databases. Using the proposed method, the life cycle GHG emissions of a hydrogen fuel cell house utilizing reformer-based hydrogen were calculated to be 1.33E+03 kgCO2-eq/m2. A comparative analysis revealed that a hydrogen fuel cell house using clean hydrogen achieved a 20.3% reduction in life cycle GHG emissions compared to the reformer-based hydrogen house and a 19.2% reduction compared to conventional houses. The results indicate that hydrogen fuel cell houses offer emission reduction benefits, but their environmental impact is significantly influenced by the hydrogen production method. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of the transition of conventional houses to hydrogen fuel cell houses and the supply of low-carbon hydrogen for maximizing GHG reduction potential. These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable development of hydrogen-based residential energy systems and contribute to policy discussions on carbon-neutral urban infrastructure.

키워드