『祖堂集』과 『朱子語類』를 통해서 본 완정상 표지 ‘了’의 문법화 과정

초록

This paper presents how ‘了’ (le) became an perfective aspect marker through the grammaticalization path from the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty. When ‘了’ is added after a durative verb, it functions as a completive aspect marker, and when it is added after a punctual verb, resultative complement or adjective, it functions as a perfective aspect marker. In the grammaticalization path to the perfective aspect marker, it was first used to indicate the end of a situation before a subsequent event indicating an extrinsic limitation, and then its function expanded to indicate a quantified event limited by the situation itself. This process entails a word order change of ‘了’ from at the end of a sentence or a clause to after the verb in the sentence.

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