Comparison of Various Human Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Type 1 Diabetes Treatments

초록

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been known as a disease caused by T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells. Generation of glucose-responsive insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various kinds of human adult mesenchymal stem cells has immense potential for the treatment of T1D due to the shortage of pancreas donors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are uniquely capable of crossing germinative layers borders. Moreover, they are obtainable in high numbers via ex vivo cultures. Therefore, many researchers have searched for diverse sources of MSCs, such as bone marrow, Wharton's Jelly, adipose tissue, and periosteum. In this study, we compared the growth potency of four kinds of MSCs derived from different tissues. In addition, in vitro differentiation of these MSCs into IPCs was also investigated. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was conclusive evidence of potential functionality of IPCs. However, only IPCs derived from periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs) showed response to glucose concentration. IPCs derived from other MSCs also secreted insulin, but they showed no GSIS. In conclusion, it was found that PDPCs are a promising cell source for the differentiation into IPCs.