Synthesis of amide-incorporated silica monolith stationary phase for the separation of benzene derivatives with better chromatographic performance: Experimental and computational analysis

초록

A new stationary phase was developed, characterized, packed in stainless column, and evaluated for the separation of five benzene derivatives in HPLC. Separation behaviors were studied through computational simulations. The Sol-gel technique was used for the synthesis of particles originating from silica monolith while reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) was used to chemically bind the amide-containing organic polymer at the surface of silica particles. The polymer bound particles originated from silica monolith were characterized by SEM, FTIR, EDX, and BET/BJH analysis. An HPLC column was packed with polymer bound silica particles which effectively separated a mixture of five benzene derivatives with very good chromatographic performance using methanol/H2O (62/38, V/V%) having 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid with a flow rate of 0.37 mu L/min. The average N value/column for phenol, 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline, acetophenone, benzene, and toluene were 22,400, 22,566, 27,333, 24,566, and 24,616, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) was carried out for analyzing the interaction between analytes and polymer bound silica particles which agreed with the elution order of analytes from the column with few exceptions. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and interaction energy of analytes were computed. The interaction energies of Phenol, 4-methyl-2-nitroaniline, acetophenone, benzene, and toluene are 6.943174, -0.52581, -0.27069, -0.23434, and -0.36344 electron volt, respectively.

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