Advanced polymer design and synthesis for high-performance membranes in water electrolysis

초록

With the global transition towards carbon neutrality, a new hydrogen-centered economy is emerging. Membrane-based water electrolysis has attracted attention as a sustainable method for producing green hydrogen when integrated with renewable energy sources. In these systems, polymer membranes play a key role by selectively transferring ions (protons or hydroxide ions) and preventing gas crossover. Water electrolysis operates under diverse conditions-including high temperature, high pressure, and strongly acidic or alkaline environments-depending on the electrolyzer type. Ensuring long-term membrane durability under such conditions is critical. While commercial proton exchange membranes (PEMs) already demonstrate excellent performance and stability, their reliance on expensive fluorinated polymers motivates ongoing research into cost-effective alternatives. Similar challenges exist for other systems, where chemical stability and cost remain major concerns. This review presents recent developments in polymer-based membranes for a range of electrolysis technologies, including proton exchange, anion exchange, bipolar, and acid-alkaline systems. It highlights the relationship between polymer structures, physicochemical properties, and electrochemical performance. Through this comprehensive overview, we aim to provide practical guidance for future material design and selection in advanced water electrolysis applications. (c) 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

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