한국 노인의 성별 및 가구 유형에 따른 식생활 형태 및 영양소 섭취 실태 비교: 제8기 국민건강영양조사를 활용한 단면연구

초록

Objectives: This study aimed to identify gender- and household type-specific nutritional vulnerabil- ity among older Koreans by comparing dietary behaviors, nutrient intake, and diet quality. Methods: We analyzed data from 2,412 adults aged ≥ 65 years (1,118 men; 1,294 women) from the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019–2021). Household type was classified as one-person, couple-only, or with-children. Outcome variables included di- etary behavior, daily energy and nutrient intake, and diet quality, assessed using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Analyses were carried out accounting for the complex sampling de- sign, adjusting for age, residential area, education level, household income level, economic activi- ty status, self-rated health status, and survey year. Results: Elderly men in one-person households, compared with those in couple-only households, were more likely to skip breakfast and lunch and to consume less energy. The odds of intake be- low the estimated average requirement (EAR) were higher for iron (odds ratio [OR] = 1.731, P = 0.022) and zinc (OR = 2.460, P = 0.002) among men in one-person households. The KHEI score was the lowest among men in one-person households. Elderly women in with-children house- holds, compared with those in couple-only households, were more likely to skip breakfast and to consume less energy. The risks of intake below the estimated energy requirement (EER) and EAR were higher among women in with-children households than those in couple-only house- holds (EER: OR = 1.448; magnesium: OR = 2.090; iron: OR = 1.692; zinc: OR = 1.902; folate: OR = 2.282; all P < 0.05). The KHEI score was lower among women in with-children households. Conclusion: Elderly men living alone and elderly women living with children showed significantly greater nutritional vulnerability. More attention should be given to understanding how gender-spe- cific household types can affect nutritional vulnerability in later life.

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