Electric vehicle charging ecosystems: Integrated review of infrastructure development and pricing mechanisms

초록

The rapid increase in the use of electric vehicles (EVs) calls for a thorough knowledge of the construction of charging infrastructure and pricing policies in many nations. This study examined the facilitation policies for the EV charging infrastructure and charging-fee pricing techniques in key economies, such as the US, Canada, Japan, European countries, and Korea. The unique approaches to infrastructure development and creative pricing mechanisms were evaluated by examining government reports, industry white papers, and peer-reviewed literatures. This research reveals a variety of approaches to the deployment of fast-charging infrastructure, ranging from the extensive corridor planning of North America to the tiered charging strategy of Japan, the alternative fuels infrastructure (AFIR) based charging strategy of European countries and the data-driven CILI (Charging Infrastructure Location Index) system of Korea. The review revealed the emerging trends in charging price determination, such as microgrid-specific real-time pricing mechanisms, time-of-use techniques, dynamic pricing based on the demand responsiveness, and tri-level pricing frameworks. The results show that significant public investment, innovative public-private partnerships, and coordinated multi-level governance are necessary to develop appropriate infrastructure. Effective pricing methods must also incorporate cutting-edge demand prediction and response technologies while balancing grid stability, service provider profitability, and user acceptance. This study contributes a cross-national, integrative framework that connects infrastructure siting, operational strategies, and market design. It distills actionable policy pathways for key stakeholders-including public investment models and innovative public-private partnerships-to foster the development of scalable, user-centric, and grid-aware EV charging ecosystems.

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