Global gene expression of Clonorchis sinensis newly excysted juvenile for thermal adaptation

초록

When ingested, Clonorchis sinensis newly excysted juveniles (CsNEJs) encounter heat shock in mammalian hosts. CsNEJs acclimate to 37 and develop to adult worms. This study was performed to analyze global gene expression of CsNEJs during thermal adaptation using oligonucleotide microarrays. The microarray was fabricated with 11,486 probes designed on C. sinensis expressed sequence tags. CsNEJs were incubated at 37 for 6 hours. The 705 up- and 139 down-regulated genes showing 2-fold or greater differences were considered as temperature-induced ones. Heat shock enhanced the transcription of metabolic processes, i.e. energy and amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, transcription and translation. Many other genes were also up-regulated, such as heat shock proteins (40, 70, 105 kDa), channels and transporters, structure proteins, protein kinases and phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases regulate basic functions such as DNA replication, cell cycle and protein synthesis. Oxalate/formate antiporter may be responsible for increased energy production. Down-regulated genes were of heat shock 49 kDa, ribonucleoprotein, calpain, collagen type III alpha 1 protein. Ribonucleoprotein associated with RNA splicing may be related with increased protein synthesis. To understand biological networks, pathways involved in energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism were redrawn in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. In conclusion, HSPs were expressed in a developmental stage-specific pattern. This analysis on gene expression and metabolic pathway provides valuable insight into biological features of CsNEJs in adaptation to 37.