Native and Non-native Fouling Bryozoans From Korean Harbors

초록

The number and severity of outbreaks and infestation by invasive species is growing, and invasions of marine habitats are now occurring at an alarming rate. A nationwide investigation of native and non-native marine fouling communities for rapid assessment was carried out from June 2010 to March 2014 in 17 international shipping ports and 24 fishing ports and marinas in Korea, 16 sites on the east coast, 16 sites on the south coast, and 9 sites on the west coast. Numerous species of non-native macro-invertebrates were found during the survey, but here we focused only on the fouling bryozoans. Fouling assemblages were scraped off from various hard substrata. Many bryozoans were encrusted on mussels, oysters, and barnacles, as well as on ropes and buoys. Altogether, a total of twenty species were identified, with eight present on all three coasts. The east coast was the most diverse, with nineteen species found, followed by eleven species in the south, and eight in the west: 1) The following eight common species were found on all three coasts: Alcyonidium sp., Bugula californica, Bugula neritina, Conopeum sp., Cryptosula pallasiana, Tricellaria occidentalis, Vesicularia sp., Watersipora subtorquata 2) The following nine species were found only on the east coast: Amathia distans. Bugula cf. biota, Bugula dentata, Calyptotheca symmetrica, Celleporaria fusca, Patinella radiata, Scruparia ambigua, Scrupocellaria maderensis, Scrupocellaria cf. diadema 3) One species found only on the south coast: Tricellaria longispiosa 4) Two species occurred on the east and south coasts: Celleporaria aperta, Schizoporella unicornis Four species, Bugula neritina, Bugula californica, Tricellaria occidentalis, and Schizoporella unicornis, are already known as invasive bryozoans in Korean waters (Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs 2010). In addition, two species, Scruparia ambigua and Bugula biota, had not previously been recorded in Korean waters.