The Combined effects of sleep and obesity on hypertension in Korean adolescents

초록

Background: Elevated blood pressure in adolescents is considered as a risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in adulthood. Although obesity and sleep disturbance may influence on hypertension in adolescents, the combined effects of these factors on hypertension remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the combined effects of sleep and obesity on hypertension in adolescents. Methods: This study was conducted using data from the 2016-2018 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which included a study population of 1,272 adolescents (667 males and 605 females) aged 12 to 18 years. The participants were categorized into four groups based on their total sleep duration for the entire week (TSD_entire week) and body mass index (BMI): normal, poor sleep, overweight/obesity, and poor sleep combined with overweight/obesity. TSD_entire week was calculated as: (5 × TSD on weekdays + 2 × TSD on weekends)/7. Poor sleep was defined as less than 8hours or more than 10 hours of TSD_entire week. Overweight/obesity was defined as a BMI at or above the 85th percentiles, based on the 2017 Korea National Growth Charts. Hypertension in adolescents was defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥ 130/80 mmHg. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 9.2% among Korean adolescents. The risk of hypertension in the poor sleep combined with overweight/obesity group was 6.5-fold higher compared with normal group (defined as normal sleep duration between 8 and 10hours and normal BMI) in adolescents. Moreover, these observations remained consistent (OR 5.518, 95% CI 2.371?12.843) even after adjusting for the confounding variables including age, sex, dyslipidemia, and health behaviors (current smoking status, alcohol consumption, and sedentary time). Conclusion: Our study showed that coexistence of poor sleep and obesity is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in Korean adolescents.