Silver-modified KNN perovskite: A lead-free route to high-performance energy storage and piezoelectric energy harvesting

초록

AbstractThe increasing demand for environment-friendly and high-performance materials has driven significant research into lead-free perovskite systems for energy storage and harvesting applications. Among these, silver-doped Potassium Sodium Niobate (K, Na)NbO3 (KNN) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its excellent piezoelectric, dielectric, and energy storage properties. This study explores the structural, electrical, and functional characteristics of Ag-doped KNN ceramics, synthesized via hydrothermal route, emphasizing their potential in energy storage and piezoelectric energy harvesting. The structural analysis showed the successful formation of KNN and Ag-doped KNN filler. The structural study also showed that 3 wt% Ag-doped KNN has the highest crystallite size among the synthesized composites. Further, the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of all the samples were analyzed. The study also highlights the material's ability to efficiently convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, making it ideal for piezoelectric energy harvesting. In this case, 3 wt% Ag-doped KNN showed the highest dielectric constant of 2373 with low dielectric loss properties, indicating its high energy storage capacity. It also showed the highest piezoelectric output voltage of 28.4 V, and power density of 12.9 μWcm−2. The output voltage reaching up to 32.14 V when used as a flexible nanogenerator. These energy harvesting properties, along with already established strong structural properties and high Curie temperature, make 3 wt% Ag-doped KNN an ideal sustainable alternative for powering Internet of Things devices, wearable and implantable electronics. © 2026 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

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