Light-driven CO2 cycloaddition under mild conditions: Current status and future challenges

초록

The light-driven carbon dioxide (CO2)-epoxide cycloaddition reaction, performed under mild conditions, has emerged as a transformative and energy-efficient strategy for the sustainable conversion of CO2 into high-value cyclic carbonates, offering an innovative solution to the critical global challenges of carbon emissions and resource depletion. Despite its significant potential, this field faces substantial barriers, including limited catalytic activity, suboptimal reaction efficiency, and inherent difficulty in achieving scalability. Consequently, recent research efforts have focused on developing advanced photocatalytic materials, precisely optimizing of reaction parameters, and strategically incorporating external stimuli to enhance catalytic performance. This review presents a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in light-driven CO2 cycloaddition, investigating the fundamental principles underlying the design of efficient photocatalysts, advanced characterization techniques used to elucidate reaction mechanisms, and cutting-edge strategies aimed at improving catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, it critically evaluates current challenges and proposes feasible pathways for industrial-scale applications of environmentally sustainable, cost-effective, and highly efficient CO2 cycloaddition processes to facilitate transformative breakthroughs in this rapidly advancing field. Ultimately, this review offers critical perspectives for shaping the development of adaptable and eco-friendly CO2 utilization systems, presenting substantial opportunities for energy efficiency and lowering emissions.

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