Electrochemical properties of PVP-derived carbon nanospheres with various porosity and heteroatom contents in anode voltage range over full-cell operation

초록

Porous and heteroatom-doped carbon nanostructures were investigated to address the low specific capacity and poor rate capability of the graphite anode. For successful application to commercial lithium-ion batteries, the electrochemical performances of the porous and heteroatom-doped carbon nanostructures should be evaluated in the full-cell operating voltage window. Herein, polyvinylpyrroli-done (PVP)-derived carbon nanospheres with various morphological and atomic structures were pre-pared by electrospraying and controlled thermal-treatment processes conducted under various thermal oxidation termination temperatures. The carbonaceous microstructures, chemical compositions, and pore structures of the PVP-derived carbon nanospheres were thoroughly examined, while their cycling and rate performances were investigated in the voltage range of 0.01-1.5 V (the normal anode operating range of the full-cell). We identified the ideal carbonaceous anode material conditions, i.e., high carbon and nitrogen content with low oxygen content for high and reversible capacity and rate perfor-mances, and small particle size with low surface area and porosity for long life. Our work demonstrates that optimizing porosity and heteroatom composition is crucial for developing commercially viable car-bonaceous anode materials. (c) 2021 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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