Structural Variations in Flow Experience Among Athletes: A Network Analysis Based on Residuals Between Competitive Level and Year of Experience

초록

Flow is a multidimensional psychological state associated with optimal performance in sport, yet athletes with similar overall flow levels may differ in how flow components are structurally organized. This study examined structural variations in dispositional flow using a residual-based grouping approach and network analysis. A total of 449 Japanese university athletes completed the nine-item short version of the Dispositional Flow Scale-2. Athletes were classified into positive and negative residual groups based on deviations from competitive level predicted by years of experience. Measurement invariance across groups was established prior to network analysis. Although both groups showed identical network density, clear topological differences emerged. The positive residual group displayed a structure centered on Clear Goals, with a unique link between Unambiguous Feedback and Loss of Self-Consciousness. In contrast, the negative residual group relied primarily on Concentration on the Task, indicating greater regulatory effort. These findings highlight distinct flow dynamics despite comparable levels.

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