일본 화물자동차 운송시장의 표준운임제도 도입과 운영 사례 분석

초록

South Korea and Japan have adopted distinct freight rate policies that reflect structural differences in their motor truck transportation sectors. While South Korea's market is dominated by individual owner-operators, Japan has developed a corporate-centered, employment-based model. In response to the 2024 cap on truck drivers’ overtime, Japan implemented a nationwide Standard Fares System in 2020. Although the system is not legally binding, its effectiveness is supported by shipper obligations and the Recommendation to Freight Owners framework. This study analyzes the legal and institutional framework of Japan's Standard Fares System, its design principles, and its policy implementation process. It highlights how the system is not merely a price support measure, but a comprehensive policy tool to address labor issues, improve operational safety, and ensure industry sustainability. By comparing Japan's approach with South Korea's ongoing debate over freight rate systems—following the expiration of its legally enforced Safe Trucking Freight Rates System—this study offers policy insights into how South Korea might reframe its freight rate policies within a broader framework of safety regulation, governance reform, and sustainable logistics development.

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