Design and Experimental Characterization of Varactor-Diode-Based Microstrip Antenna with Frequency Tuning Capability

초록

This paper presents the design and experimental characterization of a tunable frequency microstrip antenna with frequency tuning capability by utilizing varactor diodes. The antenna is fabricated on a two-layer FR4 epoxy substrate arranged in a stacked configuration. The radiating patch has the dimensions of 38 mm 38 mm, while the overall antenna size is 52 mm 52 mm. A varactor diode BB837 type is inserted between the substrate layers and connected to a 2 2 square ring structure to enable frequency tuning. The measurements confirm the performance of fabricated antenna at the frequency of 5.85 GHz to 5.89 GHz, achieving the reflection coefficient (S11) value of -12.7 dB across varactor DC bias voltages of 0 V to 12 V with the directional radiation pattern. © 2026 IEEE.

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