Characteristics of emission and size fractions of fine particles (PM10, PM2.5) from stationary sources using cyclone (US EPA Method 201A) and cascade impactors

초록

In Korea, new national air quality standard for PM2.5 was established and implemented in 2015 due to adverse health effects caused by fine particles. To satisfy new ambient standard and control emission sources, it is very important to identify stationary emissions. For this, Korea standard method for the measurements of the filterable fine particle (PM10 and PM2.5) in stack flue gas was established based on US EPA Method 201A. But at present, the information on emission characteristics of fine particles from stack is lack and the improvement of stack sampling method is also necessary. In-stack sampling methods (US EPA 201A, ISO 23210, and so forth) with cyclone, cascade impactor, and virtual impactor have been used in order to measure filterable PM10/PM2.5 from stack, and to measure condensable PM or total primary PM, US EPA Method 202 or dilution sampling methods have been applied (Lee, 2010; Ehrlich et al., 2007; England et al., 2007; US EPA 1998). These methods have the merits and demerits that can be applied in accordance with conditions of emission facilities. The ultimate objective of our present study is to identify the emission characteristics (emission concentration, emission factor, size fractions) and chemical source profile of PM10 and PM2.5 in flue gases from large stationary sources and provides key to improve the standard methods that suits to Korea’s emission facilities by comparing different sampling methods. The concentrations of total PM(TPM), PM10, and PM2.5 were measured from stack through control devices of carefully selected stationary PM sources including coal-fired power plants (A), municipal solid waste incinerators (B), cement kiln (C), small boiler (D), and heating furnace of petroleum refining (E). Instack sampling method of US EPA 201A with cyclone was mainly employed for determining filterable PM concentrations. For comparison of the size fractions, in-stack cascade impactors (Sierra Series 220