Elevated plasma α1-antichymotrypsin is a biomarker candidate for malaria patients

초록

Advancements in the field of proteomics have provided opportunities to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against various diseases. About half of the world's population remains at risk of malaria. Caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium, malaria is one of the oldest and largest risk factors responsible for the global burden of infectious diseases with an estimated 3.2 billion persons at risk of infection. For epidemio-logical surveillance and appropriate treatment of individuals in-fected with Plasmodium spp., timely detection is critical. In this study, we used combinations of depletion of abundant plasma proteins, 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), image analysis, LC-MS/MS and western blot analysis on the plasma of healthy donors (100 individuals) and vivax and falciparum malaria pa-tients (100 vivax malaria patients and 8 falciparum malaria pa-tients). These analyses revealed that alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (AACT) protein levels were elevated in vivax malaria patient plasma samples (mean fold-change +/- standard error: 2.83 +/- 0.11, based on band intensities), but not in plasma from patients with other mos-quito-borne infectious diseases. The results of AACT immunoblot analyses showed that AACT protein was significantly elevated in vivax and falciparum malaria patient plasma samples (>= 2-fold) compared to healthy control donor plasma samples, which has not been previously reported. [BMB Reports 2022; 55(11): 571-576]

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