Analyzing the overrated performance of model-based predictive control and energy saving strategies in building energy management: A review

초록

Model-based predictive control (MPC) strategies for heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems have proven to be the most promising strategies for efficient control, resulting in energy savings while maintaining an indoor environment. Several studies on the predictivebased control of HVAC systems have been published. A comparison with conventional feedback control is essential to demonstrate the energy-saving performance of the MPC. However, many studies have reported the overrated performance of MPC owing to the na & iuml;ve behavior of the feedback control, which exhibited overcooling during the cooling season and overheating during the heating season. This unreasonable comparison emphasizes the improved performance of the proposed control scheme, with savings reaching up to 58.8 %. This study reviews the most recent works published in this regard and provides a broader perspective on MPC, focusing on fair comparison of control performance. Moreover, studies focusing on the potential savings in building energy systems are lacking - From where does the savings come from. Thus, a detailed discussion of the savings potential, such as pre-cooling/pre-heating, peak shaving, and setpoint adjustment on the HVAC side, is illustrated. The resulting range of savings percentages for each potential strategy is as follows: load shift (3.4-39 % savings), peak shaving (15-85 % reduction in peak load), and HVAC setpoint adjustments (3.5-28 % savings). Furthermore, future research directions are outlined in detail.

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