중국어 경험상 표지 ‘過’ 의 유형학적 특징과 문법화 과정

초록

There is an Experiential Aspect Marker -GUO(過) in Chinese, which is a peculiar feature in the Aspect Systems of the world’s languages. -GUO is divided into –GUO1 which denotes the completion of an action and experiential -GUO2. -GUO1 and -GUO2 are all derived from the full verb GUO(to cross). Before the Tang Dynasty, GUO is only used as verb. In the Tang Dynasty, -GUO came to be used as Completive Aspect Marker -GUO0. In the Song Dynasty, -GUO1 and -GUO2 came to appear, and in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, these two functions are the main functions of –GUO. So we can conclude that -GUO1 and -GUO2 are simultaneously evolved, and while -GUO2 is fully grammaticalized to Experiential Aspect Marker, -GUO1 is still in the gradual stage from Completive Aspect Marker to Perfective Aspect Marker because of the existence of the fully grammaticalized Perfective Aspect Marker –LE. Then what is the mechanism of grammaticalization from –GUO0 to -GUO1 and –GUO2? In the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, about 80% of -GUO1s are used in the prior clauses of sequential clauses. The prior events are viewed as bounded temporally, and –GUO included in these contexts are reanalysed as perfective aspect marker. -GUO2 indicates that something has been experienced during some time prior to a particular reference time. Completive -GUO0 only views the internal process of an event, so it can be used at some time in the past, this is why –GUO0 evolves to -GUO2.

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