Non-invasive and ultrasensitive glucose detection via electrolyte-gated IGZO thin-film transistors

초록

Diabetes mellitus requires continuous glucose monitoring to avoid severe complications, yet conventional blood-based methods are invasive and unsuitable for frequent application. Tear fluid has emerged as an attractive alternative due to its non-invasive accessibility and rapid reflection of systemic glucose levels; however, the ultralow glucose concentration and complex matrix pose major analytical challenges. In the current study, we describe an ultrasensitive glucose sensor based on electrolyte-gated indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors (IGZO-EGTFTs) functionalized with glucose oxidase. Stepwise surface modification was verified by atomic force microscopy and contact angle analysis. The sensor exhibited a detection limit of 1 zM from a 1-μL sample, a linear range of 1 zM to 1 mM (R² = 0.993), and stable performance over 30 days. High selectivity against common tear interferents was also observed. These findings establish IGZO-EGTFTs as a promising platform for non-invasive and reliable tear-based glucose monitoring at the point of care. © 2026 IEEE.

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