Environmental and Economic Dispatch Analysis of Grouped Gas Turbines in the Korean Power Grid with High Renewable Penetration

초록

This study investigates the economic and environmental impacts of increasing photovoltaic (PV) penetration in South Korea's national power grid. A simulation was conducted using actual hourly electricity demand, hydro generation, and PV output data sourced from the Korea Power Exchange and the Korea Energy Agency. All data references were explicitly documented to ensure transparency and reproducibility. To evaluate the operational performance under different PV integration scenarios, we formulated a multiobjective economic dispatch problem. The objective function minimizes total operational costs while accounting for environmental factors, including carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and water consumption. Gas turbine generators were grouped by rated capacity, and each group was modeled to operate with uniform output among identical units. The optimization was performed using a nonlinear constrained solver, and dispatch simulations were run across all 8,760 hours in a year. The results indicate that when PV penetration reaches 30% of peak load capacity, the system achieves a 4.72% reduction in total operational costs and a reduction of 5,343 metric tons in annual carbon emissions, compared to the baseline scenario without PV. These findings highlight the potential of renewable energy expansion to enhance both the economic and environmental performance of South Korea's power system. © 2025 Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers Electrical Machinery and Energy Conversion Systems Society.

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