High-Sensitivity Albumin Biosensing Using 2D TMDC-Based JFET-Capacitor Platform for Clinical Diagnostics

초록

Albumin is a key biomarker for kidney, liver, and cardiovascular diseases, yet conventional detection methods are time-consuming and equipment-intensive. We present a biosensing platform based on a junction field-effect transistor (JFET) integrated with a metal?insulator?metal (MIM) capacitor functionalized for albumin detection. Mechanically exfoliated van der Waals materials (MoS₂, WSe₂, graphene, h-BN) formed the JFET channel, while Ti/Au electrodes with a CYTOP dielectric provided the sensing site. Antibody immobilization used 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA), EDC/NHS activation, and streptavidin?biotin coupling. Albumin binding induced capacitive coupling, modulating the JFET channel and decreasing the drain current across 0.1 μg/mL?10 mg/mL. Real-time monitoring confirmed quantitative and sensitive detection. This platform enables label-free, reusable, and cost-effective biosensing for early diagnostics and point-of-care applications.