THE SPIRAL MODEL OF INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION CAPABILITIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

초록

The concept of indigenous technological innovation capabilities (ITICs) is more appropriate in developing countries. In most of developing countries, technological innovations (TIs) are based on imitation and improvement of technology imported from developed countries. Many TI strategies implemented in developing countries are developed in advanced countries. It has been historically proven that such strategies are not effective for developing countries. The TI strategies for developing countries should be based on indigenous learning and knowledge. Empirical studies reveal that developing countries improved their technologies by imitation, improvement, adaptation, or transformation of technology from the developed world. Also, innovation in advanced countries has sometimes been based on imitation. Although TI strategies in developing countries are relatively lower, it does not mean that these countries do not have any ITICs. In this paper, we present a spiral process model of TI, followed by another model for improving ITICs in developing countries. First, the spiral process model shows that any technological innovation passes through four stages, i.e 1) technological innovation, 2) transfer of technology (imitation), 3) adaptive technological innovation (improvement), and finally 4) Indigenous technological innovation (local innovation). Second, on the basis of above model, we develop the (ITICs) model for developing countries. This model also consists of four stages, i.e 1) technological innovation, 2) 3-I technological innovation strategy, 3) adaptive technological innovation strategy and 4) local technological innovation strategy. Keeping past experiences in consideration, we conclude that this model can be successfully implemented in developing countries.