Correlations among pain, depressive symptoms, constipation, and serotonin levels in smokers and non smokers

초록

Purpose To examine the differences and correlations among pain, depressive symptoms, and constipation in smokers and non smokers. Design and Methods The present study was a cross-sectional study that used descriptive correlations. This study was a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Findings Smokers had more pain, depressive symptoms, and constipation than non smokers. Smokers had similar serotonin levels compared with non smokers. Positive correlations were observed between constipation and serum serotonin levels (r = .19,P = .039, n = 116), between constipation and depressive symptoms (r = .18,P = .023, n = 164), and between constipation and pain (r = .23,P = .004, n = 164) in smokers. Practical Implications Health professionals should assess and treat patients with the knowledge that the severity of pain, depression, and constipation may be greater in smokers than in non smokers.

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