모바일 유동인구 데이터를 활용한 산불 재난 시 재난 취약계층의 대피 행태분석 - 2022년 동해시 망상동·묵호동 사례를 중심으로 -

초록

This study quantitatively analyzed the evacuation behavior of disaster-vulnerable populations using mobile floating population data from the 2022 wildfire in Donghae City, South Korea. During the wildfire, the city issued emergency disaster text messages specifying evacuation locations. Mangsang-dong and Mukho-dong, which received the same evacuation guidance, were selected as the primary study areas. The analysis used SK Telecom mobile floating population data, with the average population by day of the week and time of day during the three weeks preceding the wildfire established as the baseline. To compare evacuation-related movement patterns among population groups, response time was defined as the first point after the initial emergency disaster text message at which the percentage change in the floating population exceeded 0% relative to the baseline. Movement intensity was defined as the maximum percentage increase in the floating population during the subsequent four-hour period. The results showed that long-term foreign residents exhibited shorter response times and greater movement intensity than domestic residents, indicating relatively rapid and active movement responses during the disaster. In contrast, although older adults showed relatively short response times in some areas, they consistently exhibited the lowest movement intensity. This finding suggests that the evacuation vulnerability of older adults may be associated less with a failure to recognize disaster information than with difficulties in carrying out actual movement. By empirically examining the evacuation-related behavior of vulnerable populations before the introduction of recent policy measures, this study provides baseline evidence for evaluating the future effectiveness of multilingual emergency disaster text messages and the phased support system for resident evacuation during wildfires.

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