Critical review on the abatement of endocrine disrupting chemicals using synthesized iron-based materials in persulfate systems: Reactive species, reaction mechanisms, and perspectives

초록

Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes have emerged as promising technologies for mitigating endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in wastewater treatment. Economically viable Fe-based materials with tailored properties have demonstrated significant efficacy in activating persulfate for the decomposition of EDCs through both radical routes ('OH, SO4'-, and O2'- ) and non-radical routes (1O2, surface activated PS complex, and high-valent Fe species). This review summarized the latest advancements in the persulfate activation mechanisms mediated by Fe-based materials, categorized by Fe valence states and the types of reactive species. Furthermore, it critically assesses the influence of active sites of Fe-based catalysts on persulfate activation pathways and summarizes the selective reaction of reactive species towards EDCs. Despite these advancements, several challenges persist in non-radical route-dominated persulfate activation, particularly regarding the impact of Fe-Fe distance on the reactive species and the catalytic role of Fe-based materials for reactions between inorganic ions and persulfate. This review proposes prospective research directions, provides design strategies, and expands the application of Fe-based materials in PS activation for effective EDC abatement in real situations.

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